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What I mean by "Defectrums" Throughout this article I use the term Defectrums as an umbrella for every category of software error. That includes logic errors, runtime errors, dependency and supply-chain vulnerabilities, security vulnerabilities, and specification misalignment, where the software does exactly what it was told to do, just not what it was meant to do. If a category matters to you that I have not listed, mentally add it; the argument that follows applies to all of them. Software is deterministic, people are not Start with a deceptively simple observation: software is deterministic. When code executes, it behaves identically every single time. Take a routine that branches on a person's recorded sex: if the value is M it follows the male branch, every single time; if it is F it follows the female branch, every single time. No exceptions, ever. But watch what happens the moment someone arrives whose record is neither M nor F . The machine does not improv...

 This is an engine written in Python that takes a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and converts into a file that will be processed by the Financial Institution. Other financial institutions that use the same format may also benefit from this ETL ( Extract Transform Load ) engine. The Excel workbook consists of the following worksheets: Payment Information Record — This sheet holds information of the payee account. This will be entity that will upload the file to the bank Credit Instruction Record — This sheet contains the transactions that are to be processed. The maximum number of transactions can be increased (this has already happened). An increase in the number of transactions will require changes to both the Excel and the Python code. Control — This worksheet performs the following functions: It stores within it the password provided by the bank to encrypt the transmission It stores the filename that will be used to package the transmission It provides a summary ...